एक रेखीय इंसर्ट खंड (linear insert fragment) को पाचित प्लास्मिड वेक्टर में क्लोन करने के लिए उपयोग किए जाने वाले प्रतिबंधन एंजाइमों (restriction enzymes) के किस संयोजन में पूर्ण पाचन के बाद स्व-लिगेटेड (self-ligated) वेक्टर उत्पन्न करने की सबसे कम संभावना होगी, यदि वेक्टर का कोई अन्य एंजाइमी उपचार न किया गया हो?

The CDS of the shortest isoform of human gene 'A' is cloned into a 3.3 kb vector under a CMV promoter at the BamHI and XhoI sites (pCMV-A vector). Transfection of this construct into HeLa cells followed by Western blot analysis against protein A reveals multiple bands of higher molecular weight than the predicted size of protein A. Which one of the following is most likely true for protein A in HeLa cells?

A researcher used the CRISPR-Cas9 system and observed a different type of mutation in two alleles of a target gene in a T0 transgenic plant. These mutations are designated as follows: - Allele 1: addition of a nucleotide - Allele 2: deletion of a nucleotide The observed mutations can be classified as: