हिंज दुविधा की प्रतिक्रिया देते हुए, रूही कहती है, 'दवा की चोरी करना किसी भी परिस्थिति में गलत है क्योंकि चोरी करना गलत है'। लॉरेंस कोहलबर्ग के नैतिक विकास के सिद्धांत के अनुसार, रूही किस स्तर पर है?

An 11-year-old faces a dilemma: return a lost wallet or keep it. The child reasons that returning it is right because 'if I lost something, I would want someone to do the same for me.' Which moral concept is most evident in this child's thinking?

Critics argue that Kohlberg's theory of moral development may not be universally applicable across all cultures because it places a higher emphasis on an ____________ orientation rather than a ____________ orientation.