'स्टेडी इनकम डेट फंड' के पोर्टफोलियो में निम्नलिखित तीन बॉन्ड शामिल हैं: बॉन्ड A: बाजार मूल्य 400 करोड़ रुपये, मैकाले अवधि (Macaulay Duration) 2.5 वर्ष। बॉन्ड B: बाजार मूल्य 400 करोड़ रुपये, मैकाले अवधि 4.0 वर्ष। बॉन्ड C: बाजार मूल्य 200 करोड़ रुपये, मैकाले अवधि 6.0 वर्ष। योजना की वर्तमान देनदारियां (current liabilities) 20 करोड़ रुपये और अर्जित आय (accrued income) 10 crore रुपये हैं। कुल बकाया इकाइयां 50 करोड़ यूनिट हैं। योजना की वर्तमान शुद्ध संपत्ति मूल्य (NAV), पोर्टफोलियो की भारित औसत मैकाले अवधि की गणना करें, और यदि बाजार की ब्याज दरें 1% (100 आधार अंक) बढ़ जाती हैं, तो बॉन्ड पोर्टफोलियो के मूल्य में अनुमानित गिरावट प्रतिशत ज्ञात करें।

An individual borrower has taken a housing loan of 50 Lakh at an interest rate of 9% per annum. In the first year, the total interest paid is 4,45,000 and the principal repayment is 85,000. If the borrower is in the 30% tax bracket (Old Regime) and has already exhausted the 1.5 Lakh limit of Section 80C through EPF, what is the total 'Tax Shield' (actual tax saved) exclusively from the home loan interest deduction under Section 24b for a self-occupied property?

A construction firm needs a crane for an 18-month project. The crane costs ₹10,00,000 to purchase. A company offers an operating lease for 18 months at a monthly rental of ₹60,00, payable at the end of each month. Alternatively, the firm can take a bank loan at 12% per annum simple interest to buy the crane, and sell it after 18 months for an estimated residual value of ₹4,00,000. Neglecting taxes and depreciation, what is the difference in total cost between leasing and buying?