A bank is launching a 'Digital Recurring Deposit' (DRD) product with the following details: 1. Target: 1,00,000 accounts 2. Monthly Installment: Rs. 2,000 per account 3. Tenure: 12 months 4. Interest Rate offered to customers: 7% (Compounded quarterly) 5. Bank's Re-investment Rate (Yield on Loans): 10% per annum 6. Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC): Rs. 100 per account 7. IT/System Cost: Rs. 20,00,000 8. Staff Training Cost: Rs. 5,00,000 9. Service Cost: Rs. 10 per account per month Using the simple interest/cash flow approximation for Net Interest Income (NII) calculation where NII = Interest Earned on Reinvestment - Interest Paid to Customers, determine the NII for the bank at the end of the year, assuming all 1,00,000 customers complete their 12 installments.

An individual borrower has taken a housing loan of 50 Lakh at an interest rate of 9% per annum. In the first year, the total interest paid is 4,45,000 and the principal repayment is 85,000. If the borrower is in the 30% tax bracket (Old Regime) and has already exhausted the 1.5 Lakh limit of Section 80C through EPF, what is the total 'Tax Shield' (actual tax saved) exclusively from the home loan interest deduction under Section 24b for a self-occupied property?

A construction firm needs a crane for an 18-month project. The crane costs ₹10,00,000 to purchase. A company offers an operating lease for 18 months at a monthly rental of ₹60,00, payable at the end of each month. Alternatively, the firm can take a bank loan at 12% per annum simple interest to buy the crane, and sell it after 18 months for an estimated residual value of ₹4,00,000. Neglecting taxes and depreciation, what is the difference in total cost between leasing and buying?