'वाशिंगटन सहमति' (Washington Consensus) द्वारा बढ़ावा दिया गया मुख्य आर्थिक नीति अभिविन्यास क्या था?

What is the opposite of privatization, which describes a policy heavily followed by India after independence in 1947 where enterprises were brought under state ownership?

India's GDP growth in 2024–25 slowed to 6.3%, largely due to weak manufacturing and agricultural output. The government increased capital expenditure and RBI maintained a tight monetary stance. Consider the following statements: 1. The fiscal policy in this scenario is expansionary. 2. Tight monetary policy aims to curb inflation. 3. Increase in capital expenditure may crowd out private investment. 4. Both policies are counter-cyclical.