निम्नलिखित कथनों में से टॉप-डाउन (top-down) और बॉटम-अप (bottom-up) श्रवण प्रक्रियाओं की पहचान कीजिए: (a) मुख्य विचार के लिए सुनना, भविष्यवाणी करना, निष्कर्ष निकालना और संक्षेप में प्रस्तुत करना। (b) विशिष्ट विवरण जैसे व्यक्तिगत ध्वनियों, शब्दों और व्याकरणिक अंशों के लिए सुनना।

In a classroom activity, learners are asked to find weather reports from a newspaper, analyze the weather conditions of major cities for the week, and work in groups to present their analysis to the class. What strategy of language learning does this task primarily involve?

Jeeva, while learning a new grammatical structure (e.g., past continuous: was/were + v + ing), is able to actively connect it with what he has already mastered (e.g., present continuous: is/are/am + v + ing). What is this learning strategy known as?