Ashwin is able to recognize and understand certain words when reading a text or hearing others speak them, but he is not yet able to use them spontaneously in his own speech or writing. Under which category do these words fall?

In a classroom activity, learners are asked to find weather reports from a newspaper, analyze the weather conditions of major cities for the week, and work in groups to present their analysis to the class. What strategy of language learning does this task primarily involve?

Jeeva, while learning a new grammatical structure (e.g., past continuous: was/were + v + ing), is able to actively connect it with what he has already mastered (e.g., present continuous: is/are/am + v + ing). What is this learning strategy known as?