किस प्रकार के अधिगम (learning) में जीव को तब तक पुनर्बलित (reinforced) नहीं किया जाता जब तक कि वह सक्रिय रूप से सही प्रतिक्रिया न दे?

Match the Learning Theory with the correct Psychologist: (a) Operant Conditioning - (i) Ivan Pavlov (b) Classical Conditioning - (ii) B.F. Skinner (c) Trial and Error - (iii) Wolfgang Kohler (d) Insight Theory - (iv) E.L. Thorndike

Match LIST-I with LIST-II: LIST-I (Behavioral Glossary Term) A. Sensitization B. Habituation C. Negative Reinforcement D. Means-End Relationship LIST-II (Operational Definition) I. The removal of an aversive stimulus following a behavior, which increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again. II. A form of non-associative learning characterized by a decrease in the strength of a response to a stimulus after repeated, irrelevant exposure. III. An organism's understanding that a specific action (the means) will lead to a specific outcome (the end). IV. A non-associative learning process where repeated exposure to a strong or noxious stimulus results in an increased responsiveness to that stimulus. Choose the correct answer from the options given below: