एक 11 वर्षीय बच्चा दुविधा में है: खोया हुआ बटुआ लौटाए या रख ले। बच्चा तर्क देता है कि इसे लौटाना सही है क्योंकि 'यदि मेरा कुछ खो जाता, तो मैं चाहता कि कोई मेरे लिए भी ऐसा ही करे।' इस बच्चे की सोच में कौन सी नैतिक अवधारणा सबसे अधिक स्पष्ट है?

Critics argue that Kohlberg's theory of moral development may not be universally applicable across all cultures because it places a higher emphasis on an ____________ orientation rather than a ____________ orientation.

In response to the question, 'Is it alright to steal chocolate from the freezer in the absence of your parents?', 4-year-old Meera replied, 'It will be wrong because doing so can cause punishment from the parent.' Meera's moral reasoning depicts which level of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?