अभिकथन (A): व्रूम के प्रत्याशा सिद्धांत (Expectancy Theory) के अनुसार, अभिप्रेरणा प्रत्याशा (expectancy), साधनता (instrumentality) और संयोजकता (valence) का एक प्रतिफल है। कारण (R): यदि किसी कर्मचारी को लगता है कि बढ़े हुए प्रयास से प्रदर्शन में सुधार नहीं होगा, तो इनाम के मूल्य के बावजूद अभिप्रेरणा कम होगी।

Match LIST-I (Theory Category) with LIST-II (Underlying Assumption or Management Approach): LIST-I A. Theory X Assumption B. Theory X Management Style C. Theory Y Assumption D. Theory Y Management Style LIST-II I. Participative style focusing on employee development II. Employees inherently dislike work and avoid responsibilities III. Authoritarian approach with tight control and strict supervision IV. Employees view work as natural and are self-motivated Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes the fundamental conceptual focus between Content Theories and Process Theories of motivation?