The 1987 report 'Our Common Future' (Brundtland Report) warned that traditional patterns of economic growth were not sustainable. The approach to development combining economic growth with ecological responsibility is known as:

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: The management of resettlement and social integration is critical for maintaining human rights and ensuring equitable development during large-scale infrastructure projects. Reason R: Long-term development is hampered by the direct harm to ecological health caused by the unsustainable exploitation of resources. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Which of the following specific metrics are utilized to track environmental development and sustainability progress?