One of the central principles of learner-centered language pedagogy emphasizes that language learning and teaching are primarily shaped by:

Consider the following cases and choose the appropriate option: Case I: Students were given a project with the guidelines that it must be submitted in 15 days and that the folder will be evaluated based on content, neatness of presentation, and illustration. Case II: Students were encouraged to discuss and decide the topic of their projects. They met the teacher regularly to discuss their progress throughout the process, and the teacher evaluated the project keeping in mind the learning journey and efforts made.

At which stage of teaching does a teacher plan and decide upon the assessment strategies to be used to measure the achievement of learning objectives?