How much force is required to extend the length of a thin steel wire with a cross-sectional area of 0.1 cm2 by 0.1%? (Given Young's modulus of steel, Ysteel = 2.0 × 1011 N/m2)

A copper rod of 45 mm diameter is subjected to a tensile load of 4500 N. Calculate the stress in N/cm2.

A vertical rod of mass w and length ℓ is suspended from one end. An external load W is attached at the bottom. If the tensile stress at a distance x = ℓ/3 from the bottom is given by (WA + 2γ · wA), find the value of γ.