When a wire of length 'L' clamped at one end is pulled by a force 'F' from the other end, its elongation is 'l'. If the radius of the wire and the applied force were both halved, then the elongation of the wire would be:

A copper rod of 45 mm diameter is subjected to a tensile load of 4500 N. Calculate the stress in N/cm2.

A vertical rod of mass w and length ℓ is suspended from one end. An external load W is attached at the bottom. If the tensile stress at a distance x = ℓ/3 from the bottom is given by (WA + 2γ · wA), find the value of γ.