History · Indian Art and Architecture
Consider the following statements regarding the evolution of sacred space in India: 1. The concept of the Garbhagriha as a primordial cosmic cave finds its earliest architectural expression in the rock-cut Chaitya halls of the Ajivikas and Buddhists, preceding the Hindu temple. 2. The Stupa's dome (Anda) was a symbolic representation of the cosmic mountain, Meru, and its solidity signified the finality of Nirvana, making circumambulation (Pradakshina) an internal, meditative act rather than a physical one. 3. The transition from the Harmika of the Stupa to the Shikhara of the North Indian temple represents a shift from a horizontal to a vertical emphasis, symbolizing the ascent from the earthly plane to the divine abode. Which of the statements given above is/are CORRECT?
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