A teacher first provides the definition of an adverb and its types, and then gives examples to clarify the concept. Which teaching method is being followed?

While teaching subject–verb agreement, a teacher observed that students continued making errors such as 'She go to school' even after repeatedly hearing rules. Realising that rule-based drilling was ineffective, she switched to short role-plays and dialogue analysis. This pedagogical shift is best described as moving from:

Miss Rita is teaching 'Change of Speech (Narration)' to her class. She makes student A speak to student B, and asks student C to tell the class what A said to B in her own words. Then, the teacher explains the grammar rules based on this activity. This method of teaching grammar is called: