हार्ले लेइबेंस्टीन अपने 'क्रांतिक न्यूनतम प्रयास सिद्धांत' (critical minimum effort thesis) में जनसंख्या वृद्धि को एक ऐसे कारक के रूप में देखते हैं जो:

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the strategies proposed to break the vicious circle of poverty? I. The Big Push Theory, proposed by Rosenstein-Rodan, advocates for massive, coordinated investment across multiple sectors simultaneously. II. The strategy of raising the growth rate above the population growth rate to escape subsistence equilibrium is known as the Minimum Critical Effort Theory. III. The Big Push Theory is based on the two-gap model by Chenery and Strout, which emphasizes filling the savings gap primarily from external resources. IV. The structural transformation approach involves shifting resources from low-productivity agriculture to high-productivity industry and services. Choose the correct option:

Consider the following statements regarding Forward Linkages and Unbalanced Growth Theory in economic development: A. Forward linkages function as an economic mechanism by providing a supply of outputs for other industries. B. The application of forward linkages is a defining mechanism of sequential, sector-led investment strategies. C. Economic development strategies that rely on forward linkages typically result in broad-based poverty reduction. D. Strategic sectoral investments that trigger linkage effects have the capacity to reduce rural poverty, as demonstrated by India's Green Revolution. Choose the correct option: