संरचनात्मक इस्पात निर्माण (structural steel construction) में, बंधकों (fasteners) के केंद्रों के बीच की दूरी बंधक के नाममात्र व्यास के X गुना से कम नहीं होनी चाहिए, जहाँ X है:

The strength and size specification of a butt weld is primary specified by its:

As per IS 800, the maximum bending moment for the design of purlins can be taken as (where W is the total distributed load including wind load on purlins and L is the effective span/centre distance of supports):