संगठन के शास्त्रीय सिद्धांत (Classical theory) का विकास निम्नलिखित में से किस मुख्य धारा में हुआ था? 1. नौकरशाही (Bureaucracy) 2. प्रशासनिक सिद्धांत (Administrative Theory) 3. वैज्ञानिक प्रबंधन (Scientific Management)

Match List-I (Contributor) with List-II (Organisation Theory Focus): (a) F.W. Taylor - (i) Application of psychology to industry (b) Max Weber - (ii) Systems approach to management (c) Chester Barnard - (iii) Emphasis on rules and regulations (d) Hugo Munsterberg - (iv) Increased productivity through efficiency in production

An organization as a system does not possess which of the following characteristics?