शोध लेखन में पादलेख (footnotes) और अंत्यलेख (endnotes) में प्रयुक्त निम्नलिखित में से किस संक्षिप्त नाम (abbreviation) का अर्थ 'उसी स्थान पर' (in the same place) होता है?

Which of the following events is considered a major turning point that fueled Indian nationalism during British rule due to its brutal nature and widespread condemnation?

Which of the following events is considered the first major peasant uprising against the British in India?