वह पैमाना, जो न केवल प्रेक्षित प्रभावों के आधार पर भूकंप की तीव्रता को मापता है बल्कि लोगों और संरचनाओं पर उसके प्रभाव का भी आकलन करता है, उसे किस नाम से जाना जाता है?

The crescent-shaped sand dunes found in Sam, Jaisalmer are scientifically known as:

With reference to fjords, consider the following statements: I. They are deep, narrow inlets carved mainly by glaciers and later occupied by seawater. II. The shallow sill near their mouth is generally associated with glacial deposition rather than with tectonic uplift alone. III. They are chiefly associated with high-latitude or formerly glaciated coasts, rather than with humid tropical landscapes. How many of the statements given above are correct?