वन मुख्य रूप से किस प्रकार पारिस्थितिक संतुलन बनाए रखने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं?

Prolonged exposure to extreme cold temperatures may result in tissue damage known as frostbite, which is categorized as a:

In the context of ecosystem energy dynamics, which of the following expressions correctly defines Net Primary Productivity (NPP)?