वंशावली विश्लेषण (Pedigree analysis) में, वृत्त के भीतर बिंदु (⊙) प्रतीक किसे दर्शाता है?

In a pedigree where only males express a trait, affected males do not transmit it to sons, but unaffected female relatives transmit it to sons, the inheritance pattern is:

A pedigree analysis indicates that an individual I-1 is heterozygous for a dominant disease allele 'D' and for molecular markers M1/M2. The paternal molecular markers present in the progeny individuals are tracked. The following statements are made regarding the data: A. The two loci D/d and M1/M2 appear to be linked. B. The recombination frequency between the two loci can be estimated from the progeny phenotypes. C. A LOD score of 3 or higher is statistically accepted as standard evidence that the two loci are linked. D. A LOD score of less than -2 confirms that the two loci are independently assorting or unlinked. Which combination of the statements provides the correct genetic interpretation of pedigree and linkage analysis concepts?