लॉरेंस कोहलबर्ग ने अपने नैतिक विकास के सिद्धांत में कितने चरणों (stages) का प्रस्ताव दिया था?

An 11-year-old faces a dilemma: return a lost wallet or keep it. The child reasons that returning it is right because 'if I lost something, I would want someone to do the same for me.' Which moral concept is most evident in this child's thinking?

Critics argue that Kohlberg's theory of moral development may not be universally applicable across all cultures because it places a higher emphasis on an ____________ orientation rather than a ____________ orientation.