लागत में कमी जो एक फर्म अक्सर तब अनुभव करती है जब वह दो या दो से अधिक उत्पादों का एक साथ उत्पादन करती है, बजाय इसके कि प्रत्येक का अलग-अलग उत्पादन किया जाए, उसे ________ के रूप में जाना जाता है।

Match LIST-I with LIST-II: LIST-I A. Price elasticity of demand B. Income elasticity of demand C. Perfectly inelastic demand D. Perfectly elastic demand LIST-II I. Demand remains unchanged regardless of price changes II. Calculated as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by percentage change in price III. A measure of how demand changes in response to a change in consumer income IV. Demand drops to zero with even the slightest increase in price Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Which of the following economic identities states that one (1) extra percent of unemployment costs two (2) percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?