लागत आवंटन में बैच लागत निर्धारण (Batch Costing) जॉब लागत निर्धारण (Job Costing) से किस प्रकार भिन्न है?

Match the types of standards used in standard costing in LIST-I with their specific characteristics and functional descriptions in LIST-II: LIST-I (Type of Standard) A. Ideal Standards B. Normal Standards C. Basic Standards D. Current Standards LIST-II (Description) I. Predetermined costs maintained without change over long durations to facilitate historical trend analysis. II. Achievable levels established under efficient operating conditions that allow for reasonable wastage and downtime. III. Perfection-based benchmarks assuming optimal operating conditions with zero allowance for inefficiency or wastage. IV. Short-term benchmarks established for a specific period and revised frequently to reflect immediate conditions. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match the specific cost variances in LIST-I with the management departments or personnel primarily responsible for their control and occurrence in LIST-II: LIST-I (Cost Variance) A. Material Price Variance B. Material Usage Variance C. Labour Rate Variance D. Labour Efficiency Variance LIST-II (Responsible Personnel) I. Production Manager II. HR / Personnel Department III. Purchasing Manager IV. Works Manager Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match the functional categories of overheads in LIST-I with their respective specific line-item examples in LIST-II as per the standard cost accounting framework: LIST-I (Overhead Category) A. Factory Overheads B. Administration Overheads C. Selling Overheads D. Distribution Overheads LIST-II (Specific Examples) I. Office rent and Printing II. Salesman commission and Advertisement III. Power and Depreciation on plant IV. Delivery expenses and Warehousing Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match the Basis of Classification in LIST-I with their respective Cost Types in LIST-II: LIST-I (Basis of Classification) A. By Nature B. By Function C. By Behaviour D. By Controllability LIST-II (Cost Types) I. Controllable / Uncontrollable II. Direct / Indirect III. Fixed / Variable / Semi-variable IV. Production / Admin / Selling / Distribution Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Consider the following statements regarding the classification of standards in a standard costing system: Statement 1: Ideal standards are regarded as the most practical type of standard for cost control because they are set at levels expected to be achieved under normal, efficient operating conditions. Statement 2: Normal standards are established based on perfect operating conditions with zero allowance for wastage or idle time, which frequently leads to the demoralization of the workforce.

Consider the following statements regarding the interpretation of the Angle of Incidence in a Break-Even Chart: Statement 1: A large angle of incidence signifies that the firm has a strong Profit/Volume (P/V) ratio and is earning profits at a rapid rate once the Break-Even Point is exceeded. Statement 2: A narrow or small angle of incidence indicates that the firm's profit grows slowly as sales increase, typically reflecting a lower P/V ratio.

Consider the following statements regarding the decision-making rules for 'Make or Buy' scenarios in marginal costing: Statement 1: In situations where a manufacturing plant is operating at full capacity, the decision to produce a component internally is based strictly on a comparison between the variable cost and the external purchase price, ignoring any contribution lost from displaced production. Statement 2: When spare capacity exists within the firm, the decision to manufacture a part internally is determined by comparing its variable cost of making against the external purchase price, as existing fixed costs remain constant regardless of the choice.

Consider the following statements regarding the treatment of fixed costs in costing systems: Statement 1: Marginal Costing treats fixed costs entirely as period costs that are written off against revenues in the period of incurrence. Statement 2: Absorption Costing involves the absorption of fixed overheads into the unit cost of each product.