लंबाई L और नमन दृढ़ता EI वाले एक कॉलम जिसके दोनों सिरे पिन/हिंज्ड हैं, के लिए यूलर का क्रांतिक लोड (Euler's critical load) क्या होगा?

Mohr's circle reduces to a point when an element is subjected to:

A steel column pinned at both ends has an Euler buckling load of 250 kN. If the column is restrained against lateral movement at its mid-height, its new buckling load will be:

What is the angle between the principal strain axis and the maximum shear strain axis in 2D strain analysis?