यह विचार कि जनसंख्या घनत्व बढ़ने के साथ उर्वरता (प्रजनन क्षमता) घटती है, किस विद्वान से संबंधित है?

Consider the following statements regarding the Malthusian Theory of Population: 1. Malthus postulated that population grows in geometric progression while food production grows in arithmetic progression. 2. Preventive checks include celibacy, late marriage, and moral restraint. 3. Positive checks include famine, disease, and war. 4. Malthus was optimistic that technological advancements would permanently prevent food shortages. Which of the statements given above are CORRECT?

The theory proposing an inverse relationship between population density and fertility is associated with which scholar?