यह अपेक्षा कि दूसरों की मदद करने से भविष्य में उनके द्वारा हमारी मदद करने की संभावना बढ़ जाएगी, कहलाती है:

Actions performed by individuals that help others without expecting any immediate personal benefit are known as:

Which of the following is a prosocial act, according to Batson et al. (1981, 1989), in which a person is motivated by concern about the welfare of the victim, without feelings of empathy?