मुंबई का एक व्यापारी चेन्नई के एक व्यापारी पर 'स्वयं या आदेश के अनुसार देय' बिल तैयार करता है, इसे कोरे कागज़ पर पृष्ठांकित (endorse in blank) करता है, और एक लेनदार को सौंप देता है। लेनदार का बिल खो जाता है, और यह एक तीसरे पक्ष को मिलता है जो इसे मूल्य के बदले एक दुकानदार को बेच देता है। दुकानदार इसे सद्भावनापूर्वक स्वीकार करता है, इस बात से अनजान कि यह खो गया था। बिल पर कानूनी अधिकार किसका है?

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: A Protest certificate strengthens the holder's position in legal proceedings and is often required for foreign bills of exchange to be eligible for recourse. Reason R: The Notary Public formally declares the dishonor of the instrument and records the details in a protest certificate, which serves as conclusive evidence of dishonor. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: The process of Noting automatically discharges the negotiable instrument and frees the drawer from any liability to compensate the holder. Reason R: Noting is a process where a Notary Public or authorized official officially records the factual details of a negotiable instrument's dishonor. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: