मध्यकालीन यूरोप के सामंती सामाजिक पदानुक्रम में, किस वर्ग को पारंपरिक रूप से पादरी बनने से प्रतिबंधित किया गया था?

Which of the following European universities were renowned as major centres of legal studies from the 11th century onwards?

Which Italian author vividly described the pitiable conditions of the plague-stricken populace in Florence in his work?