बैंकिंग क्षेत्र के संदर्भ में, 'स्प्रेड' (Spread) को निम्नलिखित में से किस चर (variables) के फलन के रूप में परिभाषित किया जाता है? A. विदेशी मुद्रा (Forex) B. शुद्ध ब्याज आय (Net Interest Income) C. दर संवेदनशील संपत्तियां (Rate Sensitive Assets) D. परिसंपत्ति अनुपात (Asset Ratio) E. उत्तोलन अनुपात (Leverage Ratio) नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनिए:

Given below are two statements: One is labeled as Assertion A and the other is labeled as Reason R. Assertion A: Payment banks - which can accept deposits but are prohibited from lending - need to be part of the UPI ecosystem. Reason R: By loading fees on transactions through UPI, payment banks can widen the adoption of wallets among customers and merchants. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Given below are two statements: Statement I: Initial UPI adoption has surpassed the most optimistic expectations on account of the waiver of the merchant discount rate (MDR). Statement II: The future growth of the UPI will be facilitated by providing solutions for the conduct of business and by becoming a medium of commerce. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: