प्रबलित कंक्रीट संरचनाओं की कार्यकारी प्रतिबल विधि (working stress design) में, मापांक अनुपात (modular ratio - m) किस समीकरण द्वारा दिया जाता है? (जहाँ σcbc नमन में स्वीकार्य संपीड़न प्रतिबल है)।

Which of the following represents the approximate lap length required for 20 mm diameter bars under flexural tension according to IS 456:2000 (taking minimum lap length as 30φ)?

As per IS 456:2000, the maximum compressive strain in concrete in axial compression is taken as: