पूर्ण तृप्ति (संतृप्ति) के बिंदु पर, किसी वस्तु की कुल उपयोगिता (टोटल यूटिलिटी) होती है:

Assertion (A): Giffen goods violate the law of demand. Reason (R): When the negative income effect of a price change outweighs the substitution effect, the law of demand will not hold.

Refusing to purchase products due to social or environmental disapproval, such as avoiding highly polluting vehicles, is referred to as: