पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र में कौन सी जैविक अंतःक्रिया उस संबंध द्वारा परिभाषित की जाती है जहाँ एक प्रजाति (+/–) दूसरी प्रजाति को मारकर भोजन प्राप्त करके लाभ उठाती है?

Which of the following biotic interactions is characterized by one species being harmed while the other species remains unaffected, as demonstrated by a walnut tree secreting juglone to inhibit the growth of nearby plants?

In the context of biotic interactions within an ecosystem, what is the specific nature of the mutualistic relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots?