पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण की प्रक्रिया में, कौन सा चरण एक नए आवास में नवागंतुक पौधे या जीव प्रजाति की सफल स्थापना और समायोजन को संदर्भित करता है?

Which term describes the theoretical, stable, and mature ecological community that ultimately develops at the final stage of succession in the absence of external disturbances?

Which gradual ecological process occurs on newly exposed landforms that are devoid of soil, such as volcanic rock or sand dunes?