परिकल्पना परीक्षण (hypothesis testing) में किस प्रकार की त्रुटि होती है जब एक शोधकर्ता उस शून्य परिकल्पना (null hypothesis) को स्वीकार कर लेता है जो वास्तव में असत्य है?

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: A well-formulated working hypothesis should have an unlimited scope and remain independent of established facts to ensure unbiased data collection. Reason R: A working hypothesis is required to be testable, often involving a relationship between dependent variables (outcomes) and independent variables (predictors). In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Null Hypothesis is defined as: