पद वर्गीकरण योजना (position classification plan) को कार्य-उन्मुख करियर प्रणाली की आधारशिला के रूप में किसने वर्णित किया है?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a promotion system based purely on seniority?

Assertion (A): The Civil Service, through which the will of the state is realized and executed, has been an integral part of modern government. Reason (R): Civil Service consists of a professional body of government officers who are recruited openly on the basis of competitive examinations and who function on the basis of laws, rules, and regulations.