निम्नलिखित में से कौन से ऑनलाइन सर्वेक्षण उपकरण (online survey tools) हैं? 1. Google Forms (गूगल फॉर्म)2. Zoho Survey (जोहो सर्वे)3. Jotform (जॉटफॉर्म)4. Zoom (ज़ूम)5. Alchemer (एल्केमर)

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R): Assertion (A): E-learning facilitates learner autonomy and flexibility in time and pace. Reason (R): E-learning eliminates the need for instructional design and pedagogical planning. Select the correct answer from the options given below:

________ inspired hardware approaches to instructional technology.