निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा डायोड वास्तव में एक चार-परत (four-layer) PNPN सेमीकंडक्टर डिवाइस है?

Select the option that is true regarding the following two statements labelled Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Assertion (A): Silicon is generally preferred over germanium for the fabrication of most solid-state semiconductor devices. Reason (R): Germanium possesses a wider energy bandgap and exhibits much lower leakage current at elevated temperatures compared to silicon.

Identify the correct statement/statements associated with Zener diode characteristics. Statement I: Zener diode can be used as a constant-voltage reference in a circuit if operated in the reverse breakdown region. Statement II: The slope of the I-V characteristics curve in breakdown is quite large, so the incremental resistance is small.