निम्नलिखित में से किसे शिक्षण के एक स्तर के रूप में वर्गीकृत नहीं किया जाता है?

Which of the following statements are true with special reference to the Memory Level of teaching? 1. Teaching is related to subject matter recall. 2. The teaching-learning process is basically Stimulus-Response. 3. Herbart is the main proponent of memory level teaching. 4. It is the thoughtful level of teaching.

Problem-solving methods and critical thinking activities are predominantly used at which level of teaching?