निम्नलिखित में से किसे एक प्रमुख जैव-भू-रासायनिक चक्र (biogeochemical cycle) नहीं माना जाता है?

Which statement describes the ecological disruption caused by invasive species in a forest ecosystem?

Which of the following processes describes the natural renewal of a forest ecosystem through seed germination or vegetative sprouting following a disruptive event?