निम्नलिखित में से किस सांख्यिकीय तकनीक का उपयोग केवल क्रमसूचक मापनी (Ordinal Scale) पर मापे गए अनुसंधान डेटा के विश्लेषण के लिए सफलतापूर्वक किया जा सकता है? A. चतुर्थक विचलन (Quartile Deviation) B. स्टूडेंट टी-टेस्ट (Student's t-test) C. प्रतिशतक रैंक (Percentile Ranks) D. काई-स्क्वायर टेस्ट (Chi-square test) E. स्पियरमैन की रैंक सहसंबंध विधि (Spearman's rank correlation method)

Given below are two statements: one is labeled as Assertion (A) and the other is labeled as Reason (R). Assertion (A): Though ex-post facto research examines cause and effect relationships, it is not part of experimental research. Reason (R): In ex-post facto research, the effect or change in the independent variable has already occurred and cannot be manipulated. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Given below are two statements: one is labeled as Assertion (A) and the other is labeled as Reason (R). Assertion (A): In non-probability sampling, the units are selected at the discretion of the researcher. Reason (R): Non-probability samples do not require a sampling frame. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: