निम्नलिखित पर्यावरणीय आपदाओं को उनके घटित होने के कालानुक्रमिक क्रम में व्यवस्थित करें: (A) भोपाल गैस त्रासदी (B) चेरनोबिल विस्फोट (C) लंदन स्मॉग की घटनाएं (D) एक्सॉन वाल्डेज़ तेल रिसाव (E) थ्री माइल आइलैंड परमाणु आपदा नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनिए:

Which of the following statements are NOT true in relation to methods of environmental valuation? a) Contingent valuation method is one of the methods of environmental valuation. b) Contingent valuation method is a direct method of environmental valuation. c) Contingent valuation method is an indirect method of environmental valuation. d) Travel cost method is a direct method of environmental valuation.

Given below are two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R): Assertion (A): According to Hardin's 'Tragedy of the Commons' model, open-access resources are overexploited by the public. Reason (R): In the case of open-access resource usage, marginal private benefit exceeds marginal private cost. In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below: