निम्नलिखित तर्क में कौन सा आकारिक तर्कदोष (formal fallacy) है: 'यदि आपका पालतू जानवर एक बिल्ली है, तो उसकी एक पूंछ है। आपका पालतू जानवर बिल्ली नहीं है। इसलिए, आपके पालतू जानवर की पूंछ नहीं है।'?

'If Sneha tampered with the examination script, then she is guilty of a crime. Sneha did not tamper with the examination script. Therefore, Sneha is not guilty of a crime'. Which fallacy is committed in the ab ove argu ment?

'If you read Professor Harry's book, you should be able to recognise and successfully attack fallacious reasoning, and you are able to do that. Therefore, you must have read Professor Harry's book.' Which formal fallacy is committed in the above argument?