दो समरूप, अन्योन्यक्रिया-रहित, स्पिन-रहित फर्मिऑनों के लिए तीन ऊर्जा स्तर E, 0, और -E उपलब्ध हैं। यदि वे तापमान T पर साम्यावस्था में हैं, तो निकाय की औसत ऊर्जा क्या होगी? (β = 1/kBT मानिए)

A binary alloy consists of NA A-type and NB B-type atoms on a simple cubic lattice. Nearby neighbors interact with attractive energy -J (J > 0) between like pairs (AA or BB) and repulsive energy +J between unlike pairs (AB). If N is the total number of sites, the average energy of the system at high temperature (kBT ≫ J) is:

Consider a one-dimensional lattice (with lattice spacing a) along X-axis with sites labelled by x = 0, 1, 2, ..., L. A particle carrying charge -q can occupy any one of these sites. An electric field of strength E is applied in the positive x-direction. The average energy of the particle at temperature T (in the limit L → ∞) is (β = 1kB T):