थार्नडाइक के किस प्राथमिक नियम में प्रयास और त्रुटि का गुण मुख्य रूप से प्रदर्शित होता है?

In a classroom, a teacher repeatedly pairs a particular sound with handing out homework. Over time, students react to the sound with disappointment even before homework is given. Which learning theory best explains this scenario?

In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment, in which stage is the conditioned response (CR) elicited directly by the conditioned stimulus (CS)?