ज्ञान का सिद्धांत, विशेष रूप से इसके तरीकों, वैधता और दायरे के संबंध में, तथा उचित विश्वास और राय के बीच अंतर को क्या कहा जाता है?

The concept of 'Paradigm Shift' in scientific revolutions was introduced by:

Given below are two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R): Assertion (A): Karl Popper argued that science advances through conjectures and falsifications. Reason (R): Popper proposed falsifiability as the solution to both the problem of demarcation and the problem of induction. In light of the above statements, choose the correct option: