जयप्रकाश नारायण लोकतंत्र के किस रूप के प्रमुख समर्थक थे?

Which Indian political thinker advocated the concept of 'Partyless Democracy' ( दलविहीन लोकतंत्र )?

In ancient Indian political thought as presented in texts like Shukraniti, what does the 'Mandala Theory' primarily explain?