ग्लोबल वार्मिंग (वैश्विक तापवृद्धि) का निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा अपेक्षित परिणाम है?

Prolonged exposure to extreme cold temperatures may result in tissue damage known as frostbite, which is categorized as a:

In the context of ecosystem energy dynamics, which of the following expressions correctly defines Net Primary Productivity (NPP)?